Which term describes a measure of energy to raise an object's temperature?

The term that describes a measure of energy required to raise an object's temperature is heat capacity. Heat capacity is a physical property of a material that indicates how much heat energy must be added to raise the temperature of a specific quantity of that material by a certain amount, usually one degree Celsius. It varies between different substances, as some materials require more energy to increase in temperature due to their atomic or molecular structure and the type of bonding present.

Heat release rate refers to the amount of heat energy released during combustion, which is not directly related to an object's ability to change temperature. Heat transfer is the process of thermal energy moving from one body or system to another due to a temperature difference, rather than a measurement of energy itself. Fuel load pertains to the quantity of combustible material available to sustain a fire, which does not define a measurement of energy related to temperature changes. These distinctions clarify why heat capacity is the correct choice in the context of this question.