Which method involves defining a problem and developing a hypothesis?

The scientific method is a systematic approach used for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. The process begins by defining a specific problem that needs to be addressed. This involves identifying what exactly needs to be investigated or understood. Following the identification of the problem, the investigator formulates a hypothesis, which is an educated guess or prediction that can be tested through experimentation and observation.

This method distinguishes itself from other approaches, such as qualitative or observational methods, which may focus more on collecting data and making observations without necessarily following the structured problem-solving process that includes hypothesis formulation and testing. The scientific method is fundamentally empirical, relying on collected evidence and data to validate or refute the hypothesis, ensuring that conclusions drawn are based on scientific inquiry. This rigorous process is critical in fields such as fire investigation, where it is essential to determine causation and factors contributing to fire incidents.