What is the definition of static electricity?

The definition of static electricity accurately describes a stationary charge that accumulates as a result of friction between two objects. When one object rubs against another, electrons can be transferred from one surface to the other, resulting in an excess of positive or negative charges on the respective objects. This accumulation of electrical charge remains stationary until it is discharged, which can occur when the charged object comes into contact with a conductive material or another object with a differing charge.

Static electricity is essential in understanding various phenomena, such as the sparks that can occur when touching a metal object after walking across a carpet. The buildup of static charge can lead to electrical discharges, which are distinct from the other options listed: a constant flow of electrical current involves moving charges; electrical discharge refers specifically to the sudden release of static electricity; and reactive voltage pertains more to fluctuating voltages in electrical circuits rather than static accumulation. Thus, the nature of static electricity as a stationary charge from friction is what correctly identifies its definition.