What is balloon frame construction characterized by?

Balloon frame construction is primarily characterized by the extension of wall studs from the foundation to the roof. This construction technique utilizes long vertical wooden studs that run continuously from the bottom of the structure, at the foundation level, all the way up to the roof. This design approach allows for open spaces within the walls, which can enhance the overall structural integrity and provide simplicity in the framing process.

This method was particularly popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially for residential buildings in the United States, as it allowed for faster construction and was more cost-effective. In contrast, some of the other options involve different construction materials or methods that do not align with the characteristics of balloon framing. For instance, sheet metal use or the combination of masonry and steel pertain more to industrial or commercial construction types, while prefabricated panels represent a modern construction technique distinct from traditional balloon framing.