What distinguishes balloon frame construction?

Balloon frame construction is characterized by its structural system where the wall studs run continuously from the foundation all the way to the roof. This type of construction allows for multiple stories without the need for additional supports at each floor level, making it different from other framing methods. This method can create a lightweight structure that is efficient, but it also presents unique fire safety concerns because the continuous cavities can allow fire to spread more easily vertically within the walls.

The other options do not accurately reflect the defining features of balloon frame construction. While options such as walls supported by a concrete base, single-level structures, and metal-framed windows are relevant to different construction methods or specific design elements, they do not capture the essence of what makes balloon framing distinct. Therefore, the continuous wall studs that extend from the foundation to the roof is what fundamentally defines this construction technique.