How is heat transferred by electromagnetic waves described?

Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves is described as radiation. This process involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, which can occur without the necessity of a medium. Unlike conduction and convection, which require matter for heat transfer—conduction relying on direct contact between materials, and convection depending on the movement of fluids—radiation can occur in a vacuum. This is the principle behind how the sun heats the Earth. Electromagnetic radiation encompasses a wide spectrum, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet energy, all of which can transmit heat from one body to another over distances. Understanding the specifics of radiation is critical in fire investigation, as it highlights how heat can impact materials and lead to ignition or changes in substances involved in a fire scenario.